CSF analysis can detect immune response disorders. The immune system can cause damage to the CNS through inflammation, destruction of the myelin sheath around the nerves, and antibody production.
CSF analysis can detect primary tumors in the brain or spine. It can also detect metastatic cancers that have spread to your CNS from other body parts. CSF analysis may also be used to help diagnose multiple sclerosis MS. MS is a chronic condition in which your immune system destroys the protective covering of your nerves, which is called myelin.
People with MS may have a variety of symptoms that are constant or come and go. They include numbness or pain in their arms and legs, vision problems, and trouble walking.
CSF analysis may be done to rule out other medical conditions that have symptoms similar to MS. This can include high levels of IgG a type of antibody and the presence of certain proteins that form when myelin breaks down.
About 85 to 90 percent of people with MS have these abnormalities in their cerebral spinal fluid. Some types of MS progress quickly and can be life-threatening within weeks or months. Biomarkers can help identify the type of MS you have earlier and more easily. Normal results mean that nothing abnormal was found in the spinal fluid. All measured levels of CSF components were found to be within normal range. Your follow-up and outlook will depend on what caused your CNS test to be abnormal.
Further testing will most likely be required in order to get a definitive diagnosis. Treatment and outcomes will vary. Meningitis caused by a bacterial or parasitic infection is a medical emergency. Symptoms are similar to viral meningitis.
However, viral meningitis is less life-threatening. People with bacterial meningitis may receive broad-spectrum antibiotics until the cause of the infection is determined. Prompt treatment is essential to save your life. It can also prevent permanent CNS damage. A cerebrospinal fluid CSF test can be used to diagnose many conditions, from neurological disorders to infectious diseases.
Get a step-by-step look…. CSF cell count and differential are measured during cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The laboratory test results can take longer and will be discussed with you when completed.
If you have further questions about this diagnostic test, contact the doctor that ordered the test. Hemorrhage is stopped by blood clotting. Increased intracranial pressure can compress and damage brain tissue.
We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. This information is not intended to replace the medical advice of your health care provider. At Mayfield, we work with diagnostic testing providers in the Greater Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky region to obtain neurological tests and interpret them with expertise and care. Patients and referring physicians can rest assured that we will lay the groundwork for a diagnosis of utmost accuracy. To make an appointment call Make an Appointment.
Many Mayfield spine patients have the option of same-day, outpatient spine surgery at our spine surgery center. Lumbar puncture spinal tap Overview A lumbar puncture LP , also called a spinal tap, is an invasive outpatient procedure used to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid CSF from the subarachnoid space in the spine.
How does a lumbar puncture work? Many conditions can be detected in the CSF including: infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord meningitis bleeding subarachnoid hemorrhage , stroke viral infection encephalitis tumors lymphoma, cancer autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis In addition to testing for abnormal cells, the CSF pressure can be measured to determine if you have a condition called hydrocephalus. Injuries to the dura, if not adequately repaired, can lead to a persistent communication of CSF out from where it belongs, since the spinal fluid itself is under greater pressure than the surrounding tissue.
This can create a fluid cavity that can be in communication with the rest of the inside of nervous system pseudomeningocele. Different techniques can be used to close a problem found at the time of surgery and some of these even heal upon their own.
However other spinal fluid leak problems are not even noticed at the time of surgery and sometimes even develop sometime after the operation. This is likely due to either a thinning or damage to the dura at the time of the operation that was not appreciated by the surgeon, or from a small spike of bone that was left unappreciated against the dura that when the patient bore down in some way or other, and increased the pressure in the spinal sac, it inflated like a balloon over the spike and popped through.
One of the most common symptoms of a spinal fluid leak or pseudomeningocele is having a headache that starts after the operation, which either occurs or is made worse by sitting or standing up. Standing up increases the pressure in the lumbar region of the spine, by gravity, promoting more fluid to come out into the soft tissue.
However, there are other symptoms, including a new severe radiating pain down the leg or arm that maybe due to a portion of a nerve root herniating through the defect and getting trapped like an elbow in a sling, pinching the nerve. Sometimes this nerve hernaition, in addition to causing severe pain, may actually plug the hole like a proverbial finger in a dike, and so sometimes the only symptom of the spinal fluid leak maybe this new pain.
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of intraoperative CSF volume replacement via lumbar drains on improving postoperative outcomes. Sellar, parasellar, and transplanum resections were excluded. Etiologies included esthesioneuroblastoma 2 , squamous cell carcinoma 2 , intracranial dermoid 2 , adenocarcinoma 1 , adenoid cystic carcinoma 1 , melanoma 1 , and meningioma 1.
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