Most are reversible if the user stops taking the drugs. However, others may be permanent or semi-permanent. Most data on the long-term effects of anabolic steroids in humans come from case reports rather than formal epidemiological studies. Serious and life-threatening adverse effects may be underreported, especially since they may occur many years later. One review found 19 deaths in published case reports related to anabolic steroid use between and ; however, many steroid users also used other drugs, making it difficult to show that the anabolic steroid use caused these deaths.
Steroids contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease partly by increasing the level of low-density lipoprotein LDL 47 and decreasing the level of high-density lipoprotein HDL. If blood is prevented from reaching the heart or brain, the result can be a heart attack or stroke, respectively. Steroids also increase the risk that blood clots will form in blood vessels, potentially disrupting blood flow and damaging the heart muscle, so that it does not pump blood effectively.
Anabolic steroids are manufactured drugs that mimic the effects of the male hormone testosterone. They have limited medical uses and aren't to be confused with corticosteroids , a different type of steroid drug that's commonly prescribed for a variety of conditions. This page explains the dangers of misusing anabolic steroids, and aims to advise and support those who are addicted to the drugs. Anabolic steroids are class C drugs, which can only be sold by pharmacists with a prescription.
It's legal to have anabolic steroids for personal use. They can also be imported or exported, as long as this is carried out in person. This means they can't be posted or delivered by a courier or freight service. However, it's illegal to possess, import or export anabolic steroids if it's believed you're supplying or selling them. This includes giving them to friends.
The penalty is an unlimited fine, or even a prison sentence of up to 14 years. In professional sport, most organisations ban anabolic steroid use and test competitors for banned steroids. Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs that increase muscle mass and decrease fat, as well as causing many undesirable effects.
Some athletes, weightlifters and bodybuilders take them regularly to improve their physical performance and build up their bodies. However, people of all ages have been known to misuse these drugs, including adolescent boys who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder. Eustice C. Sydney: The Kirby Institute; Physical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids in healthy exercising adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Current Sports Medicine Reports. Understanding performance and image-enhancing drug injecting to improve health and minimise hepatitis C transmission: Findings and recommendations from a national qualitative project.
Anabolic steroids and cardiovascular risk. Journal of Sports Medicine. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with left ventricular dysfunction. Journal of Circulation: Heart Failure. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes.
Shahidi NT. A review of the chemistry, biological action, and clinical applications of anabolic-androgenic steroids.
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics. A qualitative exploration of the motivations underlying anabolic-androgenic steroid use from adolescence into adulthood. Health Psychology Report. Anabolic androgenic steroids: a survey of users.
Journal of Medicine Science in Sports Exercise. Dying to be big: a review of anabolic steroid use. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Treatment of anabolic—androgenic steroid dependence: Emerging evidence and its implications.
Journal of Drug Alcohol Dependence. Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes: a constant threat. Journal of Toxicology Letters. These extreme and unwanted effects can affect those who are already prone to these types of behaviors.
Long-term, unregulated use of AASs can affect some of the same brain pathways and chemicals that are affected by other drugs, such as opiates. This can result in dependency and possibly addiction. The first step in treating anabolic steroid abuse is to discontinue use and to seek medical help in order to address any psychiatric or physical symptoms that might occur.
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What are the main causes of concussion? MNT answers the question and provide a look at symptoms and most effective treatments. Learn more here. Anabolic steroids: What you should know. Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm. What are anabolic steroids? Types Medical uses Steroids in sport Side effects Health risks Withdrawal Anabolic steroids are used for some medical conditions, but people also use them illegally in some sports settings.
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