From there, they could work out how much force the webbing would have needed to exert upon the train to stop it: about , Newtons, or about 12 times the amount of force exerted by a large American alligator as its jaws snap shut.
After considering the relative geometry of the train, webs, and buildings used to anchor the silk, the team calculated the amount of stiffness, or tensile strength, required to hold the train in place without snapping. That value is known as Young's modulus, a measure of the stiffness in elastic materials, and works out to be 3. Turns out, orb-weaving spiders produce silk that ranges in strength from 1. Coincidentally, the properties of the silk produced by Darwin's Bark Spider Caerostris darwini , an arachnid that lives in Madagascar and spins the largest webs observed sometimes hanging from meter long anchor threads , match those of the webbing Spider-Man deployed in this scene.
But it isn't just Spider-Man's silk that could be real. With the help of a new suit, the superhero's ability to sense approaching people could also make the transition into reality.
Are they due to the same mechanism? If we can understand why they behave this way, we can design a structure or design a chemistry to have similar functionality without taking hundreds of millions of years to make them, or taking laborious steps to make the same very sophisticated structures as biology does. There are different kinds of alignment of the silk protein strands, which is very critical. You can bend an arm in one direction but not in another. Spider silk has multileveled structures, or hierarchy; they are not made of a single type of proteins.
They are made of different proteins, which have different morphologies and orientations. And there are seven different types of glands that spiders produce to spin their silks.
Having this kind of geometry is really important. Some researchers even argue that wind induces variations in spiderweb geometry. Shear thinning means it is originally a stiff or highly viscous material, but if you shear it, it becomes less viscous and can be easily aligned in the shear direction. For example, ketchup is a shear thinning material. In 3D printing, shear thinning is very important because when you print, you want the material to go through as a liquid, otherwise it will clog the nozzle.
There are a few animals in addition to spiders, such as geckos, who can also do this. How does it work? In the field of robotics, the gecko excited people because their ability to climb walls is not based on the capillary or on the vacuum. They have many, many rows of setae. However, when the setae bends, the contact area increases significantly, considering there are millions of spatulae, so you have better adhesion. We can fabricate those structures that can mimic the structural adhesion, but the problem is that the gecko is only 50 grams and they have millions of these setae on their palm.
A human is at least 50 kilograms, so 1, times bigger. Peter Parker possesses a truly uncanny ability to perceive danger before it happens. Peter develops goosebumps and the hairs on his arms stand on end. He instinctively turns to face the threat only to see a massive rotating spacecraft menacing the Chrysler Building across the East River. Goosebumps and raised hairs are often linked to fear and danger, but why? It is theorized that, in nature, human hairs stand on end to make us look larger to predators.
Goosebumps also raise body hair in low temperatures to help insulate the body against the cold. If you want to read more from Dr. He has a B. Fighting Fire with Fire.
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